First, avoid using inferior pharmaceutical agents used to ensure the quality , should be regular manufacturers and pharmaceutical point of sale purchase , to prevent counterfeiting, and to pay attention to pharmaceutical production date and age as well as pharmaceutical reasonable safekeeping to prevent expired .
Second, avoid the use of low bacterial biological pesticide active ingredient is protein crystals and buds full of life . At low temperatures , spores multiply in vivo pest slow, not easy to play a role in protein crystals .
Third, avoid dry bacterial spores of bacteria in biological insecticide hi humid environment, and therefore the greater efficacy when used field humidity is higher, especially pesticide spraying powdered biological agents should pay attention to the field moisture . Usually in the early morning and evening when there is dew powder backpack chemical sprayers spraying bacteria , in order to facilitate better stick agents stems and leaves of crops and promote spores multiply and improve efficacy. In the foggy morning half an hour before spraying spraying or watering the vegetables are better.
Fourth, avoid strong sunlight sun's ultraviolet radiation on spores killing effect , if the strong ultraviolet light will kill bacteria . According to tests , direct sunlight for half an hour , about 50% mortality of spores ; direct one hour , spores mortality rate of 80%. In addition , ultraviolet radiation causes the crystal deformation Parasporal fallback . Therefore , spraying bacteria biocides should be cloudy or low light when vegetable intake . Generally before 10:00 on a sunny day or evening spraying.
Fifth, avoid spraying of bacterial biocide leaching heavy rain shortly after , in case of moderate to heavy rain , will be sprayed on the crop stems rinse off bacteria and reduce efficacy. However, if the pesticide under the rain after 5 hours , then not only does not reduce the control effect , but a synergistic effect , because it is conducive to bacterial spores in vivo and in vitro pests multiply rapidly .
Sixth, avoid mixing with fungicides when applying bacterial bio-pesticides and fungicides do not ( such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and other mix , otherwise easily lead to pharmaceutical severe reduction in the number of bacteria , thus affecting the insecticidal effect . Thus, even weed killer sprayer sprayed fungicide spray should be washed clean before assembling bacterial biopesticides .
02
2013年10月25日星期五
Herbicides on weeds and crop selectivity
1 -selective herbicide (selective herbicide): these herbicides in a certain dose range, can kill weeds while the crop no poison, or poison is very low. Such as 2,4 - drops, MCPA ,liquid sprayer dicamba , bentazon , oats fear , propanil and stable killing and so on. Relative selectivity of herbicides only in certain doses, the crop growing specific security . Administered overdose or sensitive period of application of the crop will affect crop growth and development , or even kill crops.
(2) non-selective herbicides or herbicide (non-selective herbicide): these herbicides on crops and weeds have toxic effects , such as glyphosate , paraquat ( Gramoxone ) and so on. These herbicides are mainly used in non-cultivated land or kill weeds before crop emergence , or spray with a protective cover crops between the rows in the directed manual sprayer spray .
(2) non-selective herbicides or herbicide (non-selective herbicide): these herbicides on crops and weeds have toxic effects , such as glyphosate , paraquat ( Gramoxone ) and so on. These herbicides are mainly used in non-cultivated land or kill weeds before crop emergence , or spray with a protective cover crops between the rows in the directed manual sprayer spray .
2013年10月24日星期四
Banana foliage spray
What kind of foliar fertilizer , to be based on soil nutrient content, plant nutrient deficiency condition and bananas at different growth stages , generally with urea ( excluding biuret ) , NPK ( N : P: K 15 : 15:15 ) . Potassium dihydrogen phosphate , fertilizer ( such as leaf treasure etc.) and various fertilizer ( zinc sulfate , manganese sulfate , ferrous sulfate, borax , neutral sulfate , etc. ) . Use concentration should also be based on different types of fertilizer and banana growing period may be, such as juvenile period ( 7 to 12 leaf stage ) urea, NPK 150 to 250 times, grow plants to young fruit ( 22 leaf stage to fruit four into meat degrees ) urea, NPK 50 to 100 times , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 to 350 times, green Boom is 800 to 1000 times , 2000 times as magnesium sulfate , a variety of other micro- fertilizer ( zinc sulfate , etc. ) from 3000 to 5000 times , such as foliar fertilizer containing auxin treasure 8000 to 10,000 times,
Foliar application should also pay attention to do : Use good performance spray mist , fog spot fine and uniform ; preferably 0.5% of spreading agent ( such as mild detergent ) ; spraying best time after 4 o'clock in the afternoon .
After years of production practice has proved that the banana rhizosphere fertilization combined with foliar fertilization effect than the single one occasion , able to increase production , but also to improve fruit quality, especially for the skin color , trigger sprayers the fruit quality and storability have been greatly improved , while saving the amount of fertilizer , reduce banana production costs.
Foliar application should also pay attention to do : Use good performance spray mist , fog spot fine and uniform ; preferably 0.5% of spreading agent ( such as mild detergent ) ; spraying best time after 4 o'clock in the afternoon .
After years of production practice has proved that the banana rhizosphere fertilization combined with foliar fertilization effect than the single one occasion , able to increase production , but also to improve fruit quality, especially for the skin color , trigger sprayers the fruit quality and storability have been greatly improved , while saving the amount of fertilizer , reduce banana production costs.
Banana important during fertilization
Banana nutrient demand generally increases leaf stage increases. 18 to 40 banana leaf stage of growth and development is good or bad , on the yield and quality of banana play a decisive role , so this period is important fertilization of banana . This period can be divided into vegetative growth and flower bud in the late period of two re-applied ,pressure sprayers should be most concentrated in these two periods fertilizer application .
① in the late vegetative growth ( 18 to 29 leaf stage ) , that spring planting banana planting of 3 to 5 months after planting and summer perennial planting banana banana shoots sprouting given after 5-9 months. From the leaf look, just pumping by the middle of this period ( this time just out new leaves mostly curved shape like Huwei ) to enter the big leaf 1 to 2 . This period is at peak vegetative growth , nutrient requirements are very strong , most sensitive , banana plant growth and development was good or bad , by the abundance or shortage of fertilizer supply is determined , if this was re-applied fertilizer , banana plants to obtain sufficient nutrients, can long evening stem diameter banana leaf large strains for efficient assimilation , the accumulation of a large number of organic compounds, is to lay the material foundation for the next stage of flower bud .
② flower bud differentiation stage ( 30 to 40 leaf stage ) , ie after planting spring planting banana 5-7 months after planting and summer perennial planting banana banana shoots sprouting given after 9 to 11 months, from leaf look, this time by the pumping large leaves 1 to 2 to short round spade leaf , leaves began to turn away from the most sparse dense foliage pumping speed slowed ; see from the stem , pseudostem development to the most coarse , corms ( banana head ) begins on the exposed surface , weed killer sprayer was the altar -shaped ; see from suckers have entered suckers Sheng period . This period is in the reproductive growth bud differentiation process that requires a lot of nutrients for growth and development of young spike , spike big fruit in order to form long ear . According to overseas research , when the late vegetative stage into the flower bud , leaf nitrogen content plummeted , because then need to use a lot of nitrogen supply bud , when the roots absorb nitrogen from the soil can not meet the need , nitrogen had from the leaves , stems and other tissues and organs transferred over. Then re-applied fertilizer , can promote the blade for maximum assimilation , creating more organic matter for the panicle formation and growth and development.
① in the late vegetative growth ( 18 to 29 leaf stage ) , that spring planting banana planting of 3 to 5 months after planting and summer perennial planting banana banana shoots sprouting given after 5-9 months. From the leaf look, just pumping by the middle of this period ( this time just out new leaves mostly curved shape like Huwei ) to enter the big leaf 1 to 2 . This period is at peak vegetative growth , nutrient requirements are very strong , most sensitive , banana plant growth and development was good or bad , by the abundance or shortage of fertilizer supply is determined , if this was re-applied fertilizer , banana plants to obtain sufficient nutrients, can long evening stem diameter banana leaf large strains for efficient assimilation , the accumulation of a large number of organic compounds, is to lay the material foundation for the next stage of flower bud .
② flower bud differentiation stage ( 30 to 40 leaf stage ) , ie after planting spring planting banana 5-7 months after planting and summer perennial planting banana banana shoots sprouting given after 9 to 11 months, from leaf look, this time by the pumping large leaves 1 to 2 to short round spade leaf , leaves began to turn away from the most sparse dense foliage pumping speed slowed ; see from the stem , pseudostem development to the most coarse , corms ( banana head ) begins on the exposed surface , weed killer sprayer was the altar -shaped ; see from suckers have entered suckers Sheng period . This period is in the reproductive growth bud differentiation process that requires a lot of nutrients for growth and development of young spike , spike big fruit in order to form long ear . According to overseas research , when the late vegetative stage into the flower bud , leaf nitrogen content plummeted , because then need to use a lot of nitrogen supply bud , when the roots absorb nitrogen from the soil can not meet the need , nitrogen had from the leaves , stems and other tissues and organs transferred over. Then re-applied fertilizer , can promote the blade for maximum assimilation , creating more organic matter for the panicle formation and growth and development.
2013年10月23日星期三
What principles should pay attention to pesticide mixtures
Winter indoor studio disease -prone , spraying more often, many farmers to reduce the frequency of spraying , reduce labor intensity , each spraying pesticides are mixed . Pesticide many species prone to problems when mixed , require special attention. So, when mixed pesticides should pay attention to what ?
First, in order to accurately mixed pesticides .
Most farmers in pesticide mixtures , do not know which one should add agents. Sometimes to join the fertilizer, sometimes to join the EC, and sometimes to join the wettable powder, plus picked up what kind , which is unreasonable. The events that occur because of this precipitation .
Fertilizer and pesticide mixtures in order: fertilizer, wettable powders, suspensions , liquid , cream then added , each adding a stir that mix, then add the next .
Two is to add water after dosing, the secondary dilution.
Currently , there are many farmers when mixed pesticides is to join all pesticide sprayer , and then diluted in water , this approach is wrong.
Pesticide mixtures , not simply together against it. Mixed , you can add the first half bucket of water in the hand pump sprayers , add after the first pesticide mix ; Then, the rest of the pesticide with a plastic bottle be diluted , diluted and poured into a sprayer , mix order forth.
Third, use spray immediately after dispensing .
In many cases, farmers generally will be at home against a good agent , and then transported to shed spraying, when many agents have prepared several hours . Although just with the liquid does not respond when it does not mean you can be set free for a long time , or prone to react slowly , gradually reduce the efficacy .
In addition ,trigger sprayer farmers do not know when the pesticide can not be mixed , best first test a small area . Not only depends on the preparation when there is no response , but also to spend will not cause injury.
First, in order to accurately mixed pesticides .
Most farmers in pesticide mixtures , do not know which one should add agents. Sometimes to join the fertilizer, sometimes to join the EC, and sometimes to join the wettable powder, plus picked up what kind , which is unreasonable. The events that occur because of this precipitation .
Fertilizer and pesticide mixtures in order: fertilizer, wettable powders, suspensions , liquid , cream then added , each adding a stir that mix, then add the next .
Two is to add water after dosing, the secondary dilution.
Currently , there are many farmers when mixed pesticides is to join all pesticide sprayer , and then diluted in water , this approach is wrong.
Pesticide mixtures , not simply together against it. Mixed , you can add the first half bucket of water in the hand pump sprayers , add after the first pesticide mix ; Then, the rest of the pesticide with a plastic bottle be diluted , diluted and poured into a sprayer , mix order forth.
Third, use spray immediately after dispensing .
In many cases, farmers generally will be at home against a good agent , and then transported to shed spraying, when many agents have prepared several hours . Although just with the liquid does not respond when it does not mean you can be set free for a long time , or prone to react slowly , gradually reduce the efficacy .
In addition ,trigger sprayer farmers do not know when the pesticide can not be mixed , best first test a small area . Not only depends on the preparation when there is no response , but also to spend will not cause injury.
Sprayers often malfunction and troubleshooting
Sprayer will always encounter everyday use spray ineffective, switch leakage or screw fixed , leaking joints , etc. fails, then it should be how to troubleshoot them ?
Insufficient pressure sprayer atomization bad : If you flip the joystick when the spray more than 15 times , the barrel pressure has not reached the working pressure , farmers should first check whether the inlet valve Geqi been debris , resulting in insufficient air pressure affect the effect of atomization . Inlet valve can be removed , if there is , then the application rag scrub clean ; if the spray pressure is still insufficient , you should check the gas chamber cup without damage, if damaged , replace the new cup ; Ruoyin sealing joints ring is not installed or damaged cause leaks , you should install or replace the seals.
Not a liquid spray mist : nozzle body inclined holes are not blocked by dirt is causing spray mist one of the most common factors , farmers can remove the nozzle from the spray hole reverse blowing , the clogging dirt can be removed ; Ruoyin can open the cleaning nozzle clogged hand held sprayer spray holes, but can not use hard objects such as wire poke orifices to prevent perforations to expand , affecting spray quality ; Ruoyin casing filter is clogged or too small ball valve dirt Geqi , and cleaning of the filter should be cleaned Geqi ball dirt.
Switch leakage or screw fixed : If for switch cap is not tightened , you should tighten the switch cap ; Ruoyin switch core gasket leaks caused by wear and tear , replace gaskets. Switch screw fixed place mostly because of longer , switching core is etched and stick Pharmacy , farmers should switch on kerosene or diesel oil to soak for some time, and then removed and washed clean.
Leaking joints : Ruoyin connector is loose, tighten the nut should be ; Ruoyin washer is not flat or damaged , you should put the flat washer , or replace the gaskets.
Insufficient pressure sprayer atomization bad : If you flip the joystick when the spray more than 15 times , the barrel pressure has not reached the working pressure , farmers should first check whether the inlet valve Geqi been debris , resulting in insufficient air pressure affect the effect of atomization . Inlet valve can be removed , if there is , then the application rag scrub clean ; if the spray pressure is still insufficient , you should check the gas chamber cup without damage, if damaged , replace the new cup ; Ruoyin sealing joints ring is not installed or damaged cause leaks , you should install or replace the seals.
Not a liquid spray mist : nozzle body inclined holes are not blocked by dirt is causing spray mist one of the most common factors , farmers can remove the nozzle from the spray hole reverse blowing , the clogging dirt can be removed ; Ruoyin can open the cleaning nozzle clogged hand held sprayer spray holes, but can not use hard objects such as wire poke orifices to prevent perforations to expand , affecting spray quality ; Ruoyin casing filter is clogged or too small ball valve dirt Geqi , and cleaning of the filter should be cleaned Geqi ball dirt.
Switch leakage or screw fixed : If for switch cap is not tightened , you should tighten the switch cap ; Ruoyin switch core gasket leaks caused by wear and tear , replace gaskets. Switch screw fixed place mostly because of longer , switching core is etched and stick Pharmacy , farmers should switch on kerosene or diesel oil to soak for some time, and then removed and washed clean.
Leaking joints : Ruoyin connector is loose, tighten the nut should be ; Ruoyin washer is not flat or damaged , you should put the flat washer , or replace the gaskets.
2013年10月22日星期二
Causes and Countermeasures injury
With the development of science and technology , the scope and use of herbicides rapidly expanding area . Herbicide injury generation has become a universal phenomenon, not only caused serious loss of crop yield , but also bring social problems , has attracted attention of all levels of government .
Herbicide injury causes are many, home garden sprayer there is the nature of the herbicide itself ; have an adverse impact of climatic conditions ; sensitive period with crop fertility problems ; also does not regulate pesticide applicators problems posed . These problems are sometimes alone, sometimes overlap occurs , it is difficult to distinguish between major and minor . Because of space limitations articles without detail.
Basic Strategy : research workers should be developed more secure , easier to use herbicides ; manufacturers should be strictly according to the standard herbicide production of qualified products ; agricultural sprayers pesticide distribution , agricultural extension shall master the relevant knowledge of herbicides for farmers to strengthen technical guidance ; farmers and friends should also be actively learning technology knowledge to improve herbicide relevant knowledge and use of technology, so as to avoid or reduce the incidence of injury .
Herbicide injury causes are many, home garden sprayer there is the nature of the herbicide itself ; have an adverse impact of climatic conditions ; sensitive period with crop fertility problems ; also does not regulate pesticide applicators problems posed . These problems are sometimes alone, sometimes overlap occurs , it is difficult to distinguish between major and minor . Because of space limitations articles without detail.
Basic Strategy : research workers should be developed more secure , easier to use herbicides ; manufacturers should be strictly according to the standard herbicide production of qualified products ; agricultural sprayers pesticide distribution , agricultural extension shall master the relevant knowledge of herbicides for farmers to strengthen technical guidance ; farmers and friends should also be actively learning technology knowledge to improve herbicide relevant knowledge and use of technology, so as to avoid or reduce the incidence of injury .
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